For more than a century, productivity has been defined by one basic idea: show up and work for a set number of hours. Eight hours a day became the gold standard. It was treated as a neutral container for effort, as if all hours were equal and all minds functioned the same way throughout the day.
That model made sense in an industrial economy. Factory work depended on physical presence. The job was repetitive, and output could be measured in identical units. If someone stayed longer on the assembly line, they produced more. Time and output were tightly linked.
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